（一）中医学基本概念的英译
中医理论来源自对医疗经验的总结以及中国古代的阴阳五行思想，其内容包括精气学说、阴阳五行学说、藏象学说、体质、经络等，主张“天人合一”“天人相应”的整体观和辩证论治。这些概念随着中医的对外传播，逐渐被西方世界接受，如何让西方文化更好地理解中医中部分概念的内涵，正确传递源语信息，对于译者而言至关重要。《三国演义》中包含许多有关中医基础概念的词汇，如性凉、气等，在不同时期的译本中是如何翻译的，是否存在修正,本文将通过例句进行对比分析。
例1：孔明曰：“必须用凉药以解之。”瑜曰：“已服凉药，全然无效。”孔明曰：“须先理其气；气若顺，则呼吸之间，自然痊可。”
邓译：
"You need cooling medicine to dissipate this sense of oppression."
"I have taken a cooling draught, but it has done no good."
"You must get the humors into good order before the drugs will have any effect."
罗译：
"You must take a cooling tonic to dispel it," Kongming advised.
"I have," was Zhou Yu's reply, to no effect. "
"You must first regulate the vital ethers, "Kongming explained." When the vital ethers are flowing smoothly and in the proper direction, then in a matter of moments your good health will naturally be restored. "
虞译：
“You need cooling medicine to ease this sense of vexation.”
“I have taken a cooling draught, but it has done me no good.”
“You must get your qi* into good order to regulate your breathing before the draught will have any effect.”
Footnote*
According to Chinese medicine, qi is the driving force that regulates the functioning of various organs in the human body. Notice the pun in Zhuge Liang’s reply—as qi can also mean “air,” Zhuge Liang was seemingly talking about Zhou Yu’s illness, but actually implying his concern for the lack of a southeasterly wind.
这一对话出自第四十九回《七星坛诸葛祭风 三江口周瑜纵火》，因战事焦灼，不知如何击退曹军，周瑜突然口吐鲜血病倒，诸葛亮前去探望。自《神农本草经》“药有酸咸甘苦辛，又有寒热温凉四气”之始，中医便正式提出了药物的“寒热温凉”四性。按照“阳盛则热、阴盛则寒”，“故阴主寒、阳主燕”等基本理论，中药学者根据药物本体的阴阳属性之强弱以决定药物的四气。中医称“气有小寒，谓之性凉”，“凉药”应指药性为凉性的药。在邓和虞的译文中，“凉药”都翻译成了cooling medicine，在一定程度上造成了歧义，cooling medicine更可能被理解为温度偏低的药，而不是药性为凉性的药。而罗译为cooling tonic, “tonic”译为滋补药，属于在源语意义上增加了一层含义，但也没有将“凉性”这一概念翻译出来。笔者认为，“凉药”应译为“cool-natured medicine”，指出药性的凉性，而不是药的温度。