摘 要: 本试验采用体外瘤胃发酵试验结合动态产气实时记录技术,研究不同糖蜜水平全株谷子青贮发酵特性及其体外培养发酵产气规律的影响。选用3头安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管且体况相近的荷斯坦奶牛作为瘤胃液供体,分别使用2%、4%、6%和的糖蜜比例对谷草进行青贮处理,另设未处理谷草作为对照。测定对照组和青贮组发酵72 h的累积产气量、发酵动力学参数和瘤胃发酵特性指标。结果表明,试验组与对照组相比,DM、CP、、底物的营养物质体外消失率、GP 和pH 均呈升高趋势,而NDF、ADF含量则显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,添加糖蜜可提高瘤胃微生物纤维降解与发酵效率。此青贮条件下,糖蜜最适添加水平为4%。
关键词:糖蜜;全株谷子青贮;体外瘤胃发酵;产气动力学参数
Effects of molasses levels of silage millet whole plant on in vitro Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics and Nutrient Degradation
WU Jincai1 LIU Tingting1 GUO Jinshuang1 YUE Chunwang1 ZHAO Zhihai2 FAN Guangyu2 HAO Fengyong3 KONG Xianghao1* SUN Maohong2*
(1.College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei North University,Zhang jiakou, 075131;2. Zhang jiakou Academy of Agricutural Science,Zhang jiakou,075000;3. Hebei of Livestock and Veterinary,Shi jiazhuang 050000, China )
Abstract:The objective of the experiment was to study in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and gas production of silage millet whole plant with graded levels of molasses. Three Holstein corns with average were used as the donors of rumen fluid. Four levels of molasses , i.e. 2%, 4%, 6% were used for the silage millet. The results showed experimental group compared with control group significantly as follows:with the increase of urea supplemental level, DM、CP、in vitro disappearance rates of nutrients、GP and pH were increased, whereas NDF and ADF contents were significantly decreased ( P <0.01) .In summary , the supplementation of molasses can increase degradation and fermentation of fiber by ruminal microbes.Under conditions of the silage millet, the optimal supplemental level of molasses is 4%(DM%).
Key words:molasses;silage millet whole plant;in vitro rumen fermentation;kinetic parameters of gas production
前言
谷类作物耐旱性强,在中国北方旱作农业中占有重要地位,随着种植面积的扩大、产量的增加,谷类已经不单单应用在食品行业,在畜牧业上的应用也亟待解决 [1]。
由于新鲜饲草不易贮存,不能满足草食动物一年四季对青绿饲料的需要,而经过青贮处理的饲料具有耐贮藏、适口性好、消化率高、一年四季持续供应的优点,已经在畜牧业上得到广泛应用[2] 。
用于制作青贮饲料的原料要含有充足的可溶性糖分(约占干物质的8%~10%)和适宜的水分[3],为乳酸菌提供充足的发酵底物来保证其正常生长繁殖。本试验中选取的在灌浆期收获的全株谷子,可溶性糖含量较高,适合于制作青贮。为了提高青贮饲料的发酵品质及加速其发酵进程,可额外添加糖蜜和青贮菌剂。郭金双[4]试验在大麦青贮中加入可溶性糖后,试验结果表明,pH显著低于对照组,说明加入蔗糖增加了乳酸菌的发酵底物,促进了乳酸菌的繁殖生长,使乳酸菌数量增加,进而使乳酸浓度增加,加速青贮饲料的发酵进程。Jones等[5]的报道也证实了这一点。董妙音[6]在甜高粱青贮时添加不同的青贮菌剂,与对照相比,青贮料的发酵品质良好,pH值显著降低(P < 0.05),提高了青贮品质。所以,在“张杂谷”青贮过程中添加糖蜜和青贮添加剂可能会改善青贮品质。
反刍动物饲料的营养物质消化率与瘤胃发酵产气量之间存在显著的正相关关系,因此,体外总产气量是衡量饲料可消化性的重要指标[7]。但是关于“张杂谷”青贮体外产气量的试验研究未见报道,因此,本研究拟采取养分含量测定和体外产气法两种试验对“张杂谷”全株青贮饲料的营养价值进行评定。
作者:吴金彩1 ,刘婷婷岳春旺1 ,郭金双1 ,赵治海2 ,范光宇2 ,郝峰勇3 ,孔祥浩1* ,孙茂红1*