摘要:为了明晰高温、充足水分条件对淀粉-脂肪酸复合体系结构及其消化性能的影响规律,本研究对制备得到的淀粉-脂肪酸复合体系进行高温、充足水分处理并对其结晶结构和热特性进行表征。研究表明,复合月桂酸的淀粉体系含有I型淀粉-脂质复合结构,呈现A+V结晶构型;经过高温、充足水分处理,复合体系的淀粉双螺旋结构被完全破坏,呈现I型+II型的复合V型结晶结构。不经处理的淀粉慢消化淀粉含量低于35%,复合体系的月桂酸主要作用于快消化淀粉的提高;高温、充足水分处理后,复合体系中快消化淀粉含量高于70%,月桂酸则促进抗消化淀粉的形成。高温、充足水分对淀粉双螺旋结构的破坏和淀粉-脂质复合物的形成是决定淀粉消化性能的关键因素。
关键词:玉米淀粉;淀粉-脂质复合物;消化性能;构效关系
Effect of high temperature-abundant moisture on structural and digestion behaviors of starch-lipid complexes
ZHOU Bin
(Gansu Province Wuwei City Food Inspection Center,Wuwei 733000,Gansu,China)
Abstract:To understand the effects of high temperature-abundant moisture treatment on digestibility and structural features of starch-lipid complexes, crystalline structure and thermal properties of starch-lipid complexes after high temperature-abundant moisture treatment were determined. The results indicated that the starch-lauric acid (LA) systems had I type starch-lipid inclusion complexes, and showed as an A+V type crystalline structure. After high temperature-abundant moisture treatment, NMS granular structures were significantly disrupted with complete destruction of starch double helices. In addition, all treated samples were displayed V type crystalline structure with combined inclusion complexes of I type and II type. Untreated starches had slowly digestible starch (RDS) content less than 35%, while all treated starches possessed RDS content more than 70%. Notably, LA in the untreated starch-LA systems increased slowly digestible starch content, but increased resistant starch fractions in treated starch-LA systems. Double helices disruption and starch-lipid inclusion complexes formation during high temperature-abundant moisture treatment are the critical factors influence starch digestibility.
Key words:starch; starch-lipid complexes; digestibility; structure-function relationship
0 前言
淀粉是高等植物体中广泛存在的一种高分子化合物,在自然界中的含量仅次于纤维素,是人类摄取能量的主要来源之一。现代研究表明,淀粉或淀粉类食品在消化道内的消化速度与人体慢性疾病的病发密切相关[1-3]。根据其消化速度的快慢,Englyst教授等[4]将淀粉分为快消化淀粉(rapidly digestible starch, RDS)、慢消化淀粉(slowly digestible starch, SDS)和抗消化淀粉(resistant starch, RS)。过多摄入RDS可能导致肥胖、糖尿病、心血管疾病等慢性代谢疾病,危害人体健康;SDS的摄入可改善餐后血糖负荷,维持餐后血糖稳定,提高机体对胰岛素的敏感性;RS含量高的食物可维持饱腹感,促进肠道蠕动,可作为肥胖人群节食减肥的产品。因此,长期摄入SDS或RS含量较高的淀粉或淀粉类食品能预防和治疗肥胖、糖尿病、心血管疾病等慢性代谢综合症,研究与开发高含量的SDS和RS功能性膳食食品已成为国内外食品科学界的热点之一。
目前,用于提高淀粉或淀粉类食品中SDS或RS含量的方法包括物理、化学、生物法,其中物理改性方法安全、无毒、操作简单,倍受关注。常见的物理改性有热水韧化处理[5],湿热处理[5, 6],蛋白、酚类物质或脂质的复合[7-10]等。淀粉与脂质的复配能促进V型结晶的形成,有效提高RS含量,延缓淀粉或淀粉类制品的在人体消化道内的降解。大多研究者认为,淀粉脂质复合体系促进热稳定性较高结构的形成,从而达到抵御酶分子的侵袭[11]。然而,值得注意的是,在淀粉或淀粉类制品的加工过程中,特别是在高温、水分充足的环境下,淀粉的结构可能发生变化,其抵御酶分子侵扰的机制可能发生转变。研究淀粉结构,包括淀粉-脂质复合物体系在高温、充足水分条件下结构和消化性能的改变极为重要。
作者:周斌(1982-),男,硕士研究生,工程师,食品检验