【摘要】 目的 回顾性分析贵阳市妇幼保健院新生儿科NICU中发生新生儿肺出血(NPH)高危因素,为救治NPH提供早期识别依据。方法 选取2015.06月-2017.12月期间在贵阳市妇幼保健院新生儿科NICU确诊的79例NPH患儿作为病例组,同时随机选取同期住院、予呼吸机辅助呼吸但未并发肺出血的79例新生儿为对照组,采用单因素分析和非条件logistic
回归分析法对NPH的高危因素进行统计学分析。结果 单因素分析结果显示:肺出血与低出生体重、围生期缺氧、RDS、凝血功能异常、CRP异常、败血症、DIC、毛细血管渗漏均有关系明显高于对照组。Logistic 回归多因素分析显示:围生期缺氧、低出生体重、凝血功能异常、败血症是NPH的独立危险因素。结论 围生期缺氧、低出生体重、凝血功能异常、败血症是我院NICU发生NPH高危因素,应针对这些因素开展积极的原发病治疗和病情监测。
关键词:新生儿;肺出血;高危因素
Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors of 79 Newborns with Pulmonary Hemorrhage
【Abstract】 Objective To retrospectively analyze the risk factors of neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage (NPH) in neonatal NICU of Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, and to provide an early identification basis for the treatment of NPH. Methods A total of 79 children with NPH diagnosed in NICU of neonatology department of Guiyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2015.06 to 2017.12 were selected as the case group. At the same time, 79 newborns who were hospitalized for the same period of time but were ventilated with mechanical ventilation without concurrent pulmonary hemorrhage were randomly selected. Control group, using univariate analysis and non-conditional logistic Regression analysis performed a statistical analysis of the risk factors for NPH. Results Univariate analysis showed that the relationship between pulmonary hemorrhage and low birth weight, perinatal hypoxia, RDS, abnormal coagulation function, abnormal CRP, sepsis, DIC, and capillary leakage was significantly higher than that of the control group. Logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that perinatal hypoxia, low birth weight, abnormal coagulation, and sepsis were independent risk factors for NPH. Conclusion Perinatal hypoxia, low birth weight, abnormal coagulation function and sepsis are risk factors for NPH in NICU of our hospital. Active primary disease treatment and disease monitoring should be carried out for these factors.
Keywords: neonatal; pulmonary hemorrhage; risk factors
肺出血(pulmonary hemorrhage)指肺的大面积出血,至少影响2 个肺叶,发生在许多严重原发疾病的晚期,是一种严重的综合征[1]。近年来,新生儿救治技术有显著提高,采取以机械通气为主的综合治疗,其病死率虽显著降低,但仍高达40%~80%[2]。因此,早期识别导致新生儿肺出血患儿死亡的影响因素,给予积极干预治疗,可改善其临床预后。本研究拟在单因素分析的基础上结合非条件Logistic多元回归模型分析,进一步明确NPH的高危因素,为今后预防、治疗肺出血的提供参考。
1资料与方法
1.1 研究对象
选取2015年6月至2017年12月在贵阳市妇幼保健院新生儿科住院的NPH患儿79例,同时按照1 : 1 比例随机抽取同期住院并予有创呼吸机辅助呼吸的非NPH 患儿为对照组。
纳入标准:①本地区出生的28d 以内新生儿(包括足月及早产儿);②符合NPH诊断标准[1];③排除存在先天性畸形或遗传代谢性疾病的患儿。
1.2 研究方法
分析两组患儿病例资料,纳入研究的因素包括:胎龄、出生体重、有无羊水污染、有无窒息、围生期有无缺氧史、肺出血前是否应用肺表面活性物质(pulmonarysurfactant, PS)、白细胞、CRP,凝血功能、新生儿基础疾病(RDS、败血症、DIC等)。相关疾病的诊断均符合《实用新生儿学》(第4版)中的诊断标准[3]。
1.3 统计学分析
应用统计学软件SPSS 20.0 进行统计学分析,定量资料采用均数±标准差(x ±s)表,正太分布采用独立样本t检验比较两组间差异。 以是否肺出血为因变量,以羊水污染、窒息、围生期缺氧史、RDS、PS的应用、白细胞、CRP、凝血功能、弥散性血管内凝血(DIC)、败血症、毛细血管渗漏为自变量建立logistic回归分析模型,进行单因素分析,自变量赋值情况见表 1; P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。根据单因素分析结果,选择有意义的变量进行多因素非条件Logistic回归分析,计算其Wald χ2值、OR值及其95%可信区间。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。统计方法用SPSS 20.0软件进行。
作者:张芸 刘玲 石碧珍 陈姝姝 陈兰