交通拥堵问题的经济学解析

摘要：本文通过分析城市交通拥堵形成的原因，认为交通拥堵是由以私人汽车为代表的民用车辆对交通量的巨大需求，与供应不足的城市道路之间的矛盾引起的。认为要想解决交通拥堵问题，降低人们的出行成本，必须建设和完善合理的公共交通体系，来分流掉私人汽车对交通量的巨大需求；必须加大道路基础设施建设来增加交通量的供给。只有这样才能通过市场的自发力量来实现新的均衡，增加社会福利，实现帕累托最优。

关键词：交通拥堵；公共交通；供给需求；外部成本

Economic Analysis on Urban Traffic Congestion

（Yang Chunlei¹, Chen Yudong²）

(1.    Business School of Nantong University, 226019; 2. Nantong Post Office，226001 )

Abstract: This paper analyzes the reasons of urban traffic congestion. Traffic congestion is caused by the contradiction of huge demand of traffic volume and short supply. Private car takes a large accounts of civilian vehicles is increasing rapidly while urban road is developing slowly. In order to solve traffic congestion problems, reduce people's travel costs, we must build and improve a reasonable public transport system, which can divert large demand of traffic volume from private cars to public vihicles; we can also make effort to build trasport infrastructure to increase traffic supply. Therefore the market can achieve a new balance spontaneously, realize Pareto optimal.

Key words: traffic congestion; public transport; supply and demand; external cost